ANALISIS CABARAN TADBIR URUS PILIHAN RAYA

Norazam Mohd Noor

Abstract


Simbiosis antara implementasi dan legitimasi merupakan inti pati penting yang terkandung di dalam tadbir urus pilihan raya. Terma ini merangkumi keseluruhan peringkat pilihan raya, iaitu fasa pra yang tertumpu pada penyediaan resolusi dan prosedur pilihan raya, fasa semasa yang melibatkan pelaksanaan proses dan prosedur pilihan raya, dan fasa pasca yang melibatkan penyelesaian pertikaian terhadap keputusan pilihan raya. Peranan dan tanggungjawab pengendalian pilihan raya oleh badan pengurusan pilihan raya (EMB) menghasilkan pelaksanaan pilihan raya yang berintegriti, namun turut menghadirkan kesangsian pelbagai pihak pada sisi tertentu. Berikutan daripada persepsi negatif yang dilontarkan terhadap aspek pengurusan pilihan raya, apakah cabaran yang dihadapi oleh EMB? Untuk itu, artikel ini disediakan bagi mengenal pasti konsep tadbir urus pilihan raya dan cabaran-cabaran yang mengekang kredibiliti pelaksanaan pilihan raya itu sendiri. Penelitian ke atas sorotan karya melalui pendekatan analisis kandungan berupaya mengetengahkan ilustrasi pemahaman konsep ini melalui Model Cabaran Tadbir Urus Pilihan Raya EMB. Sebanyak empat cabaran utama diketengahkan iaitu tekanan untuk menjalankan pilihan raya secara efisien, tekanan untuk menyediakan ruang persaingan pilihan raya yang adil dan seimbang kepada calon-calon dan parti-parti politik yang terlibat, tekanan untuk mengimbangi desakan hak-hak kesamarataan yang berteraskan prinsip-prinsip demokrasi oleh pelbagai kumpulan etnik dan sosial, dan tekanan untuk memenuhi piawaian pelaksanaan pilihan raya antarabangsa oleh promoter dan penyedia dana bagi tujuan memperkukuhkan pendemokrasian di sesebuah negara terlibat.

Keywords


Tadbir Urus Pilihan Raya, Pilihan Raya Efisien, Neutralisme Politik, Akauntabiliti Masyarakat, Norma Antarabangsa

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