PERSPEKTIF LITERASI MEDIA ASPEK ANALISIS DAN PENILAIAN: AMALAN INTEGRITI PENYERTAAN POLITIK GOLONGAN MUDA DI MEDIA SOSIAL

Mohd Sufiean Hassan, Siti Nurshahidah Sah Allam, Muhamad Hanapi Khamis, Mohd Hilmi Bakar, Dzaa Imma Abdul Latiff, Abdul Rauf Hj. Ridzuan

Abstract


Tahap rendah penyertaan politik golongan muda di Malaysia pernah dilaporkan sebagai satu fenomena yang menuntut kajian dan perbincangan umum. Mula PRU-13 penyertaan politik golongan muda dilaporkan mencetus gelombang tsunami kepada sfera politik negara. Inovasi media sosial dilaporkan pencetus kesedaran, kecenderungan dan minat menyertai politik golongan muda. Berbanding media konvensional seperti televisyen, radio dan suratkhabar, media sosial menawarkan aplikasi interaktif, agen pencarian maklumat pantas dan komunikasi efektif. Kemunculan laman rangkaian media sosial telah mewujudkan paradigma gelombang baru dalam masyarakat terutama golongan muda. Kesan pendedahan kandungan media kepada individu dan masyarakat membawa kepada perdebatan literasi media terutama aspek analisis dan penilaian. Idea utama literasi media ini adalah sebagai garis panduan kepada pengguna media terutama golongan muda menggunakan media dengan asas nilai integriti. Kemahiran aspek analisis dan penilaian menuntut pengguna agar mempunyai pemikiran kritis; amalan komposisi mesej dan kreativiti; keupayaan untuk menyertai politik secara berintegriti di media sosial. Apabila seseorang mempunyai kompetensi literasi digital dan media, mereka mengiktiraf hak peribadi orang lain, agenda korporat, budaya dan politik serta menggunakan hak bersuara mereka mengikut landasan nilai integriti. Selain itu, golongan muda yang bermoral mempuyai tahap tinggi keupayaan menilai sumber dan kandungan politik yang berintegriti; tidak palsu, tiada unsur provokasi dan tular. Keupayaan dan pemahaman golongan muda memahami aspek analisis dan penilaian merupakan kemahiran literasi media penting kerana melalui media selain sebagai pengguna, golongan muda mampu bertindak sebagai produser kepada kandungan media di media sosial.

Keywords


Literasi Media; Analisis dan Penilaian; Nilai Integriti; Penyertaan Politik; Golongan Muda

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdu, S. D., Bahtiar, M., & Suhaini, M. (2017). Youth Online Political Participation: The Role of Facebook Use, Interactivity, Quality Information and Political Interest. SHS Web Of Conferences, 33, 00080.

Ali, S., Faridah, I., Mohd Yusof, H. A., Normah, M., & Maizatul Haizan, M. (2011). The Impact of New Media on Traditional Mainstream Mass Media. Innovation Journal, 16(3), 2–11.

Ali, S., & Mohd Safar, H. (2011). New Media and Democracy : The Changing Political Landscape in Malaysia. Akademika, 81(1), 15–21.

Ali, S., & Suhana, S. (2015). Online Political Participation: A Study of Youth Usage of New Media. Mediterranean Journal Of Social Sciences, 6(4).

Al-Kandari, A., & Hasanen, M. (2012). The Impact of The Internet on Political Attitudes in Kuwait and Egypt. Telematics And Informatics, 29(3), 245–253.

Aminaton Hajariah, H., & Samsu Adabi, M. (2016). The Role of Cyber Trooper in Malaysian Politics 2008 – 2014 (Vol. 2016).

Anom, E., Kee, C. P., & Zawawi, J. W. M. (2014). Political Discourse in Indonesia and Malaysia for National Human Security: A Case Study of Lahad Datu. Jurnal Komunikasi, 30(2), 183–200.

Arke, E., & Primack, B. A. (2009). Quantifying Media Literacy : Development, Reliability and Validity of a New Measure. Journal Educational Media International, 46 (1), 53-65.

Arsenijevi?, J., & Andevski, M. (2016). New Media Literacy Within The Context of Socio-Demographic Characteristics. Procedia Technology, 22, 1142–1151.

Ashley, S., & Maksl, A. (2017). News Media Literacy and Political Engagement: What’s The Connection? Journal of Media Literacy Education, 9(1), 79–98.

Aufderheide, P. (1993). Media Literacy: A Report of The National Leadership Conference on Media Literacy. Media Literacy In The Information Age Current Perspectives (Vol. 6). Retrieved From http://www.eric.ed.gov/ericwebportal/search/detailmini.jsp

Bakker, E. (2007). Integrity and Cynicism: Possibilities and Constraints of Moral Communication. Journal of Agricultural And Environmental Ethics, 20(1), 119–136.

Bakker, T. P., & Vreese, C. H. (2011). Good News For The Future? Young People, Internet Use, and Political Participation. Communication Research, 38(4), 451–470.

Berger, J., & Milkman, K. L. (2012). What Makes Online Content Viral? Journal of Marketing Research, 49(2), 192–205.

Carlin, R. E. (2014). What’s Not To Trust? Rubrics of Political Party Trustworthiness in Chile and Argentina. Party Politics, 20(1), 63–77.

Chang, W.-C. (2017). Media Use, Democratic Values, and Political Participation: Empirical Evidence from Taiwan. Japanese Journal Of Political Science, 18(03), 385–406.

Cheung, C. K., & Xu, W. (2016). Promoting media literacy education in China: a case study of a primary school, International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 21(2), 215-217.

Coleman, S., Morrison, D. E., & Svennevig, M. (2008). New Media and Political Efficacy. International Journal of Communication, 2, 771–791.

Conroy, M., Feezell, J. T., & Guerrero, M. (2012). Facebook And Political Engagement: A Study Of Online Political Group Membership And Offline Political Engagement. Computers In Human Behavior, 28(5), 1535–1546.

Correa, T., Hinsley, A. W., & De Zúñiga, H. G. (2010). Who Interacts on The Web?: The Intersection of Users’ Personality and Social Media Use. Computers In Human Behavior, 26(2), 247–253.

Dauda, S., Mohamad, B., & Muda, S. (2016). New Perspectives to Political Participation Among Youth: The Impact of Facebook Usage. ISSC 2016: International Soft Science Conference

Demetriou, K. N. (2013). Democracy In Transition: Political Participation In The European Union. Democracy In Transition: Political Participation In The European Union, 1–289.

Dimitrova, D. V., Shehata, A., Strömbäck, J., & Nord, L. W. (2014). The Effects Of Digital Media On Political Knowledge And Participation In Election Campaigns: Evidence From Panel Data. Communication Research, 41(1), 95–118.

Edgerly, S., Thorson, K., Bighash, L., & Hannah, M. (2016). Posting About Politics: Media as Resources for Political Expression on Facebook. Journal of Information Technology and Politics, 13(2), 108–125.

Effing, R., Hillegersberg, J., & Huibers, T. (2011). Social Media and Political Participation: Are Facebook, Twitter and Youtube Democratizing Our Political Systems? In Electronic Participation, 25–35).

Eristi, B., & Erdem, C. (2017). Development of A Media Literacy Skills Scale. Contemporary Educational Technology, 8(3), 249–267.

Fenton, N. (2011). Alternative Media and Social Networking Sites: The Politics of Individuation and Political Participation. The Communication Review, 14(3), 179–196.

Hairol Anuar, H. M. D., & Zakaria, S. (2016). Penekanan Nilai Dalam Konteks Pemilihan Kepimpinan. Tinta Artikulasi Membina Ummah 2(1), 2(1), 51–58.

Hairol Anuar, H. M. D., Zakaria, S., Ahmad Munawar, I., & Shamsul Azhar, Y. (2013). Pendekatan Nilai Dalam Memilih Kepimpinan Politik : Kajian Tinjauan Dalam Kalangan Kelas. Jurnal Hadhari, 6(2), 71–84.

Hobbs, R. (2003). Measuring The Acquisition of Media-Literacy Skills. Reading Research Quarterly, 38(3), 330–355.

Hobbs, R. (2010a). Digital And Media Literacy: A Plan of Action. Retrieved From http://www.knightcomm.org/wpcontent/uploads/2010/12/digital_and_media_literacy_a_plan_of_actin.pdf

Holt, K., Shehata, A., Strömbäck, J., & Ljungberg, E. (2013). Age and The Effects of News Media Attention and Social Media Use on Political Interest And Participation: Do Social Media Function As Leveller? European Journal Of Communication, 28(1), 19–34.

Iskander, E. (2011). The Arab Spring| Connecting The National and The Virtual: Can Social Media Have a Role in Institution-Building After Egypt’s January 25 Uprising? International Journal Of Communication, 5(1), 1225–1237.

Joko, E. P., Othman, Z., & Damit, S. A. (2016). Belia dan Kelangsungan Hegemoni Barisan Nasional: Kajian Kes Pilihan Raya Umum 13 Di Sabah. Jurnal Komunikasi Borneo Edisi Khas, 1–18.

Kaid, L. L., Mckinney, M. S., & Tedesco, J. C. (2007). Introduction: Political Information Efficacy and Young Voters. American Behavioral Scientist, 50, 1093–1111.

Kalogeropoulos, A., Negredo, S., Picone, I., & Nielsen, R. K. (2017). Who Shares and Comments on News?: A Cross-National Comparative Analysis of Online and Social Media Participation. Social Media And Society, 3(4).

Sebastián Valenzuela, Namsu Park & Kerk F. Kee (2009). Is There Social Capital in a Social Network Site?: Facebook Use and College Students' Life Satisfaction, Trust, and Participation, 14 (4), 875–901.

Kumar, R., & Thapa, D. (2014). Social Media As a Catalyst for Civil Society Movements in India: A Study in Dehradun City. New Media & Society, 17(8) 1299-1316

Kümpel, A. S., Karnowski, V., & Keyling, T. (2015). News Sharing in Social Media: A Review Of Current Research On News Sharing Users, Content, And Networks. Social Media Society, 1(2), 1-14.

Lee, L. (2005). Young People and The Internet. Young, 13(4), 315–326.

Lewis, J., & Jhally, S. (1998). The Struggle Over Media Literacy. Journal of Communication, 48(1), 109–120.

Literat, I. (2014). Measuring New Media Literacies: Towards The Development of a Comprehensive Assessment Tool. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 6(1), 15–27.

Maamari, B. E., & Zein, H. E. (2014). The Impact of Social Media on The Political Interests of The Youth In Lebanon At The Wake of The Arab Spring. Social Science Computer Review, 32(4), 496–505.

Martin, P. S. (2008). The Mass Media as Sentinel: Why Bad News About Issues is Good News for Participation. Political Communication, 25(2), 180–193.

Marwick, A. E., & Boyd, D. (2011). I Tweet Honestly, I Tweet Passionately: Twitter Users, Context Collapse, and The Imagined Audience. New Media And Society, 13(1), 114–133.

Marwick, A. E., & Boyd, D. (2014). Networked Privacy: How Teenagers Negotiate Context in Social Media. New Media & Society, 16(7), 1051–1067.

Milner, H. (2007). The Political Knowledge and Political Participation of Young Canadians and Americans Americans. The Working Paper Series at The American University of Paris.

Min, Y. (2004). News Coverage of Negative Political Campaigns : An Experiment of Negative Campaign Effects on Turnout and Candidate Preference. Harvard International Journal of Press Politics, 95–111.

Mohamad, B. (2018). Youth Offline Political Participation: Trends and Role of Social Media. Jurnal Komunikasi, 34(3), 192–207.

Mohd Faizal, K., Rosidayu, S., & Noor Adzrah, R. (2014). Who Is Tweeting on #PRU13? Asian Social Science, 10(18), 144–157.

Mohd Sufiean, H., Siti Nurshahidah, S. A., Zuliani, M. A., & Mohd Hanapi, K. (2013). Social Media and Political Participation among Young People. Jurnal Sains Sosial, 1(1), 95–114.

Möller, J., De Vreese, C. H., Esser, F., & Kunz, R. (2014). Pathway to Political Participation: The Influence of Online and Offline News Media on Internal Efficacy and Turnout of First-Time Voters. American Behavioral Scientist, 58(5).

Nisbet, E. C., & Myers, T. A. (2011). Anti-American Sentiment as a Media Effect? Arab Media, Political Identity, And Public Opinion in The Middle East. Communication Research, 38, 684–709.

Norhayati, M. S. (2008). Pilihan Raya Umum Ke-12 (Pru-12 ): “Tsunami” Politik Melayu ? Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategic Studies, 35(April), 49–64.

Ojebuyi, B. R., & Salawu, A. (2015). Media Literacy, Access and Political Participation Among South African Black Youth : A Study of North-West University, Mafikeng Campus. Journal of Communication, 6(1), 207–218.

Omelicheva, M. Y., & Ahmed, R. (2017). Religion and Politics: Examining The Impact of Faith on Political Participation. Religion, State And Society, 00(00), 1–22.

Pakeer Mohamed, A. Shah., Haji Sulaiman S. H., Othman M. Fuad., Che Jumaat Y., Mohd Ashraf & Haron, H. (2011). Patriotism Dilemma Among Malaysian Youth: Between Strategy and Reality. International Journal Of Business And Social Science, 2(16), 219–227.

Pandian, S. (2014). University Students and Voting Behavior In General Elections: Perceptions on Malaysian Political Parties Leadership. Asian Social Science, 10(18), 225–231.

Pathak-Shelat, M. (2014). Media Literacy And Well-Being of Young People. In Handbook of Child Well-Being (Pp. 2057–2092.). Springer, Dordrecht Netherlands.

Picone, I., De Wolf, R., & Robijt, S. (2016). Who Shares What With Whom and Why?: News Sharing Profiles Amongst Flemish News Users. Digital Journalism, 4(7), 921–932.

Pinkleton, B. E., & Austin, E. W. (2002). Exploring Relationships Among Media Use Frequency, Perceived Media Importance, And Media Satisfaction In Political Disaffection And Efficac. Mass Communication And Society, 5(2), 207–228.

Pinkleton, B. E., Austin, E. W., Zhou, Y., Willoughby, J. F., & Reiser, M. (2012). Perceptions of News Media, External Efficacy, and Public Affairs Apathy In Political Decision Making and Disaffection. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 89(1), 23–39.

Plotkowiak, T. (2014). The Influence of Social Capital on Information Diffusion In Twitter’s Interest-Based Social Networks. University of St.Gallen.

Roy, S. (2016). Significance of Media Education In India. International Journal of E-Gõvernment & E-Business Research, 2(1), 58–71.

Sheedy, C. S. (2011). Social Media For Social Change: A Case Study of Social Media Use In The 2011 Egyptian Revolution. Capstone Project, 28(4), 1–58.

Stockemer, D. (2012). Students’ Political Engagement: A Comprehensive Study of University of Ottawa Undergraduate Students. Journal of Youth Studies, 15(8), 1028–1047.

Sudin, M. N. (2017). Berulangkah “Tsunami” Politik Bandar? Retrieved September 5, 2017, From http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/utama/berulangkah-8216-tsunami-8217-politik-bandar

Taneja, H., Webster, J. G., Malthouse, E. C., & Ksiazek, T. B. (2012). Media Consumption Across Platforms: Identifying User-Defined Repertoires. New Media And Society, 14(6), 951–968.

Tang, G., & Lee, F. L. F. (2013). Facebook Use And Political Participation: The Impact of Exposure To Shared Political Information, Connections With Public Political Actors, And Network Structural Heterogeneity. Social Science Computer Review, 31, 763–773.

Tedesco, J. C. (2011). Political Information Efficacy and Internet Effects In The 2008 U.S. Presidential Election. American Behavioral Scientist, 55(6), 696–713.

Toepfl, F. (2014). Four Facets Of Critical News Literacy In A Non-Democratic Regime: How Young Russians Navigate Their News. European Journal of Communication, 29(1), 68–82.

Trenz, H.-J. & C. G. (2014). Civic Engagement Through Mainstream Online Newspapers : Potential And Shortcomings Civic Engagement Through Mainstream Online Newspapers : Possibilities And Shortcomings Cecilie Givskov and Hans-Jörg Trenz. Journal of Media And Communication Research, 44–60.

Valenzuela, S. (2012). Protesting In The Age of Social Media: Information, Opinion Expression And Activism In Online Networks. Latin American Public Opinion Congress, World Association For Public Opinion Research (WAPOR), (July), 1–38.

Valenzuela, S. (2013). Unpacking The Use Of Social Media For Protest Behavior: The Roles of Information, Opinion Expression, And Activism. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(7), 920–942.

Wan Hashim, W. T. (2017). Fasa Pertama Perjuangan UMNO Penuh Berani. Retrieved January 1, 2017, From Http://Www.Utusan.Com.My/Rencana/Utama/Fasa-Pertama-Perjuangan-Umno-Penuh-Berani

Wolfsfeld, G., Yarchi, M., & Samuel-Azran, T. (2015). Political Information Repertoires And Political Participation. New Media & Society, 18(9), 2096-2115

Yamamoto, M., & Kushin, M. J. (2014). More Harm Than Good? Online Media Use and Political Disaffection Among College Students In The 2008 Election. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(3), 430-445.

Yamamoto, M., Kushin, M. J., & Dalisay, F. (2013). Social Media and Mobiles as Political Mobilization Forces For Young Adults: Examining The Moderating Role of Online Political Expression In Political Participation. New Media & Society, 1–19.

Yang, H. “Chris,” & Dehart, J. L. (2016). Social Media Use and Online Political Participation Among College Students During The US Election 2012. Social Media Society, 2(1)

Young, J. A., & Marcos, S. (2016). Assessing New Media Literacies In Social Work Education : The Journal of Technology In Human Services Assessing New Media Literacies In Social Work Education : The Development And Validation of A Comprehensive Assessment Instrument, (February 2015).

Zhang, X., & Lin, W.-Y. (2014). Political Participation In An Unlikely Place: How Individuals Engage In Politics Through Social Networking Sites In China. International Journal of Communication, 8(1), 22.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), permitting copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.